古代食盒（古代食盒圖片）

古代食盒(古代食盒圖片)

然而鮮為人知的是，最遲在2000多年前的戰國時期，中國人就已經使用“飯盒”了。

事實上，不晚於2000多年前的戰國時期，古代中國人就開始使用某種“便當盒”。

戰國青銅器，鑲銀澳獸紋青銅鼎食盒，戰國

古代的“飯盒”，即“食盒”，是一種用於盛放食物的竹木結構器皿，有底有蓋，內部至少有一層。

翻閱曆史文獻可以發現，曆史上的食盒名稱並不局限於一個，包括“句句", "句", "句", "句句", "句句”等等。雖然名稱不同，但從功能上來說，都屬於“食盒”的範疇。

在曆史上，古代的食盒有各種各樣的名字，但功能相似。

到了明清時期，“食盒”一詞開始被廣泛使用，在很多文學作品中都有記載。

在過去，“便當盒”是由竹子和木頭支撐的食物盒，裏麵有蓋子和底部。一些中國文學作品中提到了它們，如分別寫於明和清的中國古典小說《金瓶梅》和《儒林外史》。

比如明代長篇白話小說第十四回，《金瓶梅》:“西門慶聽了話喜出望外，即命賴旺兒、黛安兒、賴興、平安用兩個食盒，將三千兩金銀帶到家中；再比如清代吳創作的小說《儒林外史》第一次：“我正想著的時候，隻見遠處一個夯錘，挑著一箱糧食。"

漢代彩繪食盒漢代彩繪食盒

食盒的流行與古代的“外賣”業密切相關。

早在漢代，就誕生了與今天頗為相似的“外賣”行業。許多名人都是“外賣”愛好者，餐館用來運送熟食的器具是食品盒。

早在漢代，外賣服務的興起廣泛促進了酒館和餐館對食物容器的使用。

箱子的長、寬、大小不一，最大的能達到半個人的高度，必須兩個人的肩膀扛著才能移動；小到歐(鍋碗瓢盆)，一個人就能拿。

古代“便當盒”的尺寸各不相同。大的可以有半個男人那麽高，需要兩個人才能搬動，而小的可以一個人就能輕鬆拿著。

據文獻記載，飯盒在唐宋時期已經廣泛使用。南宋繪畫《春遊晚歸圖》(佚名)中，一個人物挑了一個有兩個抽屜的方形食盒。這幅畫非常珍貴。

在唐宋時期，像今天的食物盒這樣的食物容器被廣泛使用，正如下麵展示的南宋名畫之一所描繪的那樣。

南宋《春遊晚歸圖》年的食盒男子背著食盒依附在南宋的一幅古畫中。

因為食盒裏往往裝著精致昂貴的食物，所以它的製作技術大多是上乘的。古代的食盒有木、竹、琺琅等材質，多為木質，尤其是紫檀木、黃華麗、翼狀、花梨木等質地細膩、色澤光潤的硬木，結實堅韌。

性，製成的食盒耐磕碰，又具有一定的重量，在挑、提的時候食物不易晃蕩。

Usually, craftsmen would use exquisite materials to make boxes for delicate food, such as wood, bamboo and enamel, among which wood was mostly used, especially red sandalwood, Chinese rosewood, wenge, and santos rose wood. They were close-grained, bright-colored, and cast-iron enough to make good food boxes, and didn't weigh too much for one to shoulder or carry without waggle.

古代食盒的規製很多，按照使用方式大致可以分成提盒、捧盒、攢盒三種。

Ancient "bento boxes" could be roughly divided into three kinds: food boxes with handle, food boxes for holding and multi-grid food boxes.

清雍正五彩龍鳳瑞獸纏枝食盒 Five-colored food box inlaid with patterns of a dragon and a phoenix as well as auspicious beasts, during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty

提盒是古代送外賣時最常用的食盒，它有著對稱的提梁托著盒子，雖然體型較大，但材質較輕，一隻手就可以拎著帶走。

The first kind was the most common one. With relatively larger size, the containers had symmetrical hoop handles and a light weight, so people could carry them with one hand only while walking.

提盒出現得較早，最初的提盒不過兩根提梁，加幾層格子，材質不是白木塗漆，就是竹編而成，都比較粗糙。直到宋代，一些文人對提盒產生了興趣，也參與設計，於是提盒便成了一種透著文雅之氣的廚房用具。

Food boxes with handle were coarse at first, until some literati participated in their design and changed them into "elegant" kitchen utensils in the Song Dynasty.

清代黃花梨提盒 Handled food box made of Chinese rosewood, Qing Dynasty

時至明清，提盒材質變得更加多樣，甚至出現了雕漆或百寶嵌裝飾。一些工藝價值極高的提盒已不用作盛放食物，而是作為貯藏玉石印章、小件文玩之具了。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, food boxes with handles took on more styles, some decorated with carved lacquerware or inlaid with a variety of processed semi-precious materials. Some high-value boxes even became containers of jade and small articles for amusement rather than food.

明崇禎竹篾髹（xi嫯𜉦𜆦金三撞八棱形食盒 Gilt octagonal food box made of bamboo, during the reign of Emperor Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty

清代粉彩百子圖食盒 Famille rose food box decorated with baizitu, a traditional painting theme featuring the images of lots of children, Qing Dynasty

清代是食盒發展史上的高峰，這一時期還盛行一種捧盒。捧盒，顧名思義，就是捧著使用的，其造型有扁圓形、方形、鍾形、六角形、八角形、桃形、荷葉形、牡丹形等，這些形狀便於捧持，且具有一定的禮儀功能。

Besides those with handles, food boxes for holding also became prevalent in the Qing Dynasty. In multifarious shapes, like square, hexagon, octagon, lotus leaf and peach, they were easy to hold and served a part of some sort of social etiquette.

清代象牙雕人物玲瓏提食盒 Carved ivory food box with figures, Qing Dynasty

捧盒的材質多為瓷、漆、木，偶有琺琅和金屬，這些材料隔熱、保溫效果好，又因為製作工藝特殊，所以不會特別沉。

Most of these boxes were made of porcelain, lacquer, wood, occasionally enamel or metal, for thermal insulation and heat preservation purposes. They were not that heavy thanks to the peculiar workmanship.

清乾隆大漆嵌螺鈿三層食盒 Three-layer lacquer food box with mother-of-pearl inlay, during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty

清代皇帝過壽，臣子獻禮必須以捧盒呈送，顯得十分莊重；而帝王嘉獎內侍小食，也是用捧盒盛出賜予，顯得非常私密。但皇帝賞賜捧盒也未必都是好事，據民間傳言，如果臣子發現皇帝給的食盒是空的，那就意味著“祿盡命絕”，隻得自行了斷了，跟今天影視劇中的“領便當”有異曲同工之處。

宮廷之外，清代官宦人家上菜，餐具外還要套上捧盒，這樣既避免食物太燙導致端拿不便，又能保溫和防止落塵。

In the Qing Dynasty, ministers and imperial kinsmen presented food boxes containing gifts to emperors on their birthdays. A food box was also used when emperors rewarded servants with snacks. But an empty box from the emperor might hint bad luck, as it meant termination of one's official career as well as an order to end one's life, according to some hearsay. In officials' mansions, when dinner was served, food boxes were also used as a dust-proof "outerwear" to keep the food warm and avoid scalds.

清光緒藕荷地粉彩花卉紋捧盒 Famille rose food box for holding, with patterns of pale pinkish purple flowers, during the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty

與提盒、捧盒相比，攢盒就顯得比較“隨意”了。它的材質以紙胎、木胎漆盒為主，特點是輕便，保溫效果不是很突出，所以多用於裝冷食。

Multi-grid food boxes, on the other hand, were not that intricate albeit with elaborate design. They were light with little effect of heat preservation, making them proper containers for cold food.

攢盒的“攢”字為“聚攏”之意，其內部分成許多小格子，一般是中間一格，周圍再分成多格，每個格子中都有一個小盒子，十分精巧。

清代紅漆描金福壽紋桃式攢盒 Gilt multi-grid peach-shaped food box, Qing Dynasty

現存食盒多為明清文物，其中明代食盒古樸典雅，更符合傳統文人審美情趣。

Most of the existing ancient food boxes were from the Ming and Qing dynasties. And those produced in the Ming Dynasty, in particular, were more consistent with the aesthetic values of traditional literati with their simple yet elegant appearances.

明代黑漆嵌骨三屜食盒 Three-layer black-painted food box inlaid with animal bone, Ming Dynasty

與明代食盒不同，清中期宮廷食盒以奢華昂貴著稱，例如下圖中這件清象牙鏤雕提食盒。

該提盒分四層格子，可置放不同的食物。其雕工十分精細，主體部分用鏤空精雕的象牙片，嵌於框格中，如絲毯一般。象牙片上還雕有人物、鳥、獸、庭園景物和船，蓋鈕、盒身框架及提手，都染有或淡藍或紅色作為點綴。

In the mid-Qing Dynasty, food containers in the imperial court were famous for their extravagance and luxury. A case in point is the carved ivory food box with handle from the Qing Dynasty presented below. The four-layer box mainly consisted of hollowly-carved ivory pieces inscribed with patterns of figures, birds, beasts, garden scenery and boats, and even its button knob, shell frame and handle had embellishments in light blue or red.

清代象牙雕四層透花提食盒，台北故宮博物院藏 Ivory-carved four-layer food box, with handle, Qing Dynasty, housed in Taipei Palace Museum

古代食盒曆經千百年的發展演變，

如今依然具有生命力。

許多飯盒、禮盒在設計製作上，

繼承了古代食盒的特點，

使得這一傳統工藝得以延續。

Through ages of evolution, ancient food boxes are now still favored by many people. Their design and production process have been developed and applied to gift boxes today, giving the traditional craftsmanship another opportunity to shine.

本文到此結束，希望對大家有所幫助呢。